In June 1849, the Janiculum Hill, and in particular the area known as Colle del Pino, was the scene of the last strenuous defense of the Roman Republic against the French troops sent by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte to rescue the Pope. To pay tribute to all those who fought in the battles for Rome from 1849 to 1870, about 100 years later (in 1941), the Garibaldi Ossuary Mausoleum was inaugurated on this site.