It was created in 1873, during the celebration for the fourth 100th anniversary of the birth of Nicholas Copernicus, the great reformer of the planets system.
Historian Arturo Waljnski curated the first collection of Copernican relics to which, over time, were added donations and purchases of ancient instruments equelle parts of the Observatory's instrumental equipment that were being replaced with more modern material.There are preserved astrolabes, telescopes, sundials, globiterrestrial and celestial.
A conspicuous documentation therefore of the evolution of instruments used in the astronomical field.
There is also a rich ancient library with very rare books such as the first edition of Copernicus' Derevolutionibus orbium coelestium.
A second museum site, located at the MontePorzio Astronomical Observatory, in addition to a library of 15 thousand volumes and a collection of astronomical journals from the second half of the 1700s, preserves a rich photographic collection of celestial objects with images largely obtained from artificial probes and satellites.
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